See κνέφας on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kšápš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšápš",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷséps",
"4": "",
"5": "night"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷséps (“night”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬴𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬥",
"sc": "Avst"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬴𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬥 (xṣ̌apan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎧𐏁𐎱𐎺",
"sc": "Xpeo",
"ts": "xšap-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎱𐎺 (x-š-p-v /xšap-/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्षप्",
"tr": "kṣáp"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्षप् (kṣáp)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒅖𒉺𒀭𒍝",
"sc": "Xsux",
"tr": "ispanza"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒅖𒉺𒀭𒍝 (ispanza)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "creper",
"3": "",
"4": "dusky, dark"
},
"expansion": "Latin creper (“dusky, dark”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ngrys",
"3": "",
"4": "to darken"
},
"expansion": "Albanian ngrys (“to darken”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "qsb-grc"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Often connected with Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšápš from Proto-Indo-European *kʷséps (“night”). Compare Avestan 𐬑𐬴𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬥 (xṣ̌apan), Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎱𐎺 (x-š-p-v /xšap-/), Sanskrit क्षप् (kṣáp) and Hittite 𒅖𒉺𒀭𒍝 (ispanza). Others have connected κρύπτω (krúptō), Latin creper (“dusky, dark”), crepusculum, and Albanian ngrys (“to darken”).\nFor Beekes, the word is “no doubt Pre-Greek”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "knéphas",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "κνέφους",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "κνέφᾰτος",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic irregular",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ κνέφᾰς",
"roman": "tò knéphas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ κνέφους",
"roman": "toû knéphous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κνέφᾰτος",
"roman": "knéphatos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ κνέφᾳ",
"roman": "tôi knéphāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κνέφεῐ̈",
"roman": "knépheï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ κνέφᾰς",
"roman": "tò knéphas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κνέφᾰς",
"roman": "knéphas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κνέφους",
"2": "n",
"gen2": "κνέφᾰτος"
},
"expansion": "κνέφας • (knéphas) n (genitive κνέφους or κνέφᾰτος); ? declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "irreg",
"2": "κνέφᾰς",
"3": "κνέφους, κνέφᾰτος",
"4": "κνέφᾳ, κνέφεῐ̈",
"form": "N-sing"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Epic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Koine Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "until [Hector] reaches the ships and the sun sinks and the holy darkness approaches",
"ref": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.194",
"roman": "dúēi t’ ēélios kaì epì knéphas hieròn élthēi",
"text": "εἰς ὅ κε νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἀφίκηται\nδύῃ τ’ ἠέλιος καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἱερὸν ἔλθῃ\neis hó ke nêas eüssélmous aphíkētai"
},
{
"english": "1926 translation by Herbert Weir Smyth\nalthough I have my place under the earth and in sunless darkness",
"ref": "458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 396",
"roman": "kaíper hupò khthóna / táxin ékhousa kaì dusḗlion knéphas.",
"text": "καίπερ ὑπὸ χθόνα / τάξιν ἔχουσα καὶ δυσήλιον κνέφας."
},
{
"text": "200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 8.26.10"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness, often referring to evening dusk or night"
],
"id": "en-κνέφας-grc-noun-~Fol8eKX",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"dusk",
"dusk"
],
[
"night",
"night"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Epic",
"Koine",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Epic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Koine Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1926 translation by Herbert Weir Smyth\npollution hovers over the man in such darkness",
"ref": "458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 378",
"text": "τοῖον [γὰρ] ἐπὶ κνέφας ἀνδρὶ μύσος πεπόταται\ntoîon [gàr] epì knéphas andrì músos pepótatai"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness, often referring to evening dusk or night"
],
"id": "en-κνέφας-grc-noun-~Fol8eKX1",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"dusk",
"dusk"
],
[
"night",
"night"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"darkness, often referring to evening dusk or night",
"(figuratively, of the mind)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of the mind"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Epic",
"Koine",
"figuratively",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kné.pʰas/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkne.ɸas/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkne.fas/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kné.pʰas/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkne.pʰas/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkne.ɸas/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkne.fas/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkne.fas/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "κνέφας"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek irregular nouns",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek neuter nouns",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek poetic terms",
"Ancient Greek terms borrowed from a Pre-Greek substrate",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Attic Greek",
"Epic Greek",
"Koine Greek",
"Pages with 1 entry"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kšápš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšápš",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷséps",
"4": "",
"5": "night"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷséps (“night”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬴𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬥",
"sc": "Avst"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬴𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬥 (xṣ̌apan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎧𐏁𐎱𐎺",
"sc": "Xpeo",
"ts": "xšap-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎱𐎺 (x-š-p-v /xšap-/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्षप्",
"tr": "kṣáp"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्षप् (kṣáp)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒅖𒉺𒀭𒍝",
"sc": "Xsux",
"tr": "ispanza"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒅖𒉺𒀭𒍝 (ispanza)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "creper",
"3": "",
"4": "dusky, dark"
},
"expansion": "Latin creper (“dusky, dark”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ngrys",
"3": "",
"4": "to darken"
},
"expansion": "Albanian ngrys (“to darken”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "qsb-grc"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Often connected with Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšápš from Proto-Indo-European *kʷséps (“night”). Compare Avestan 𐬑𐬴𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬥 (xṣ̌apan), Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎱𐎺 (x-š-p-v /xšap-/), Sanskrit क्षप् (kṣáp) and Hittite 𒅖𒉺𒀭𒍝 (ispanza). Others have connected κρύπτω (krúptō), Latin creper (“dusky, dark”), crepusculum, and Albanian ngrys (“to darken”).\nFor Beekes, the word is “no doubt Pre-Greek”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "knéphas",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "κνέφους",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "κνέφᾰτος",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic irregular",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ κνέφᾰς",
"roman": "tò knéphas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ κνέφους",
"roman": "toû knéphous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κνέφᾰτος",
"roman": "knéphatos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ κνέφᾳ",
"roman": "tôi knéphāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κνέφεῐ̈",
"roman": "knépheï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ κνέφᾰς",
"roman": "tò knéphas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κνέφᾰς",
"roman": "knéphas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κνέφους",
"2": "n",
"gen2": "κνέφᾰτος"
},
"expansion": "κνέφας • (knéphas) n (genitive κνέφους or κνέφᾰτος); ? declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "irreg",
"2": "κνέφᾰς",
"3": "κνέφους, κνέφᾰτος",
"4": "κνέφᾳ, κνέφεῐ̈",
"form": "N-sing"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "until [Hector] reaches the ships and the sun sinks and the holy darkness approaches",
"ref": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.194",
"roman": "dúēi t’ ēélios kaì epì knéphas hieròn élthēi",
"text": "εἰς ὅ κε νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἀφίκηται\nδύῃ τ’ ἠέλιος καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἱερὸν ἔλθῃ\neis hó ke nêas eüssélmous aphíkētai"
},
{
"english": "1926 translation by Herbert Weir Smyth\nalthough I have my place under the earth and in sunless darkness",
"ref": "458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 396",
"roman": "kaíper hupò khthóna / táxin ékhousa kaì dusḗlion knéphas.",
"text": "καίπερ ὑπὸ χθόνα / τάξιν ἔχουσα καὶ δυσήλιον κνέφας."
},
{
"text": "200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 8.26.10"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness, often referring to evening dusk or night"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"dusk",
"dusk"
],
[
"night",
"night"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Epic",
"Koine",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1926 translation by Herbert Weir Smyth\npollution hovers over the man in such darkness",
"ref": "458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 378",
"text": "τοῖον [γὰρ] ἐπὶ κνέφας ἀνδρὶ μύσος πεπόταται\ntoîon [gàr] epì knéphas andrì músos pepótatai"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness, often referring to evening dusk or night"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"dusk",
"dusk"
],
[
"night",
"night"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"darkness, often referring to evening dusk or night",
"(figuratively, of the mind)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of the mind"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Epic",
"Koine",
"figuratively",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kné.pʰas/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkne.ɸas/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkne.fas/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kné.pʰas/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkne.pʰas/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkne.ɸas/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkne.fas/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkne.fas/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "κνέφας"
}
Download raw JSONL data for κνέφας meaning in All languages combined (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.